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Winter pear varieties, along with autumn ones, delight gardeners and consumers with a tart taste and pronounced freshness of pulp. In the autumn-winter period, it is possible to obtain not only a high, but also a perfectly stored fruit crop. As a rule, such varieties are the most winter-hardy, and the pulp of ripe pears is very tasty, juicy and aromatic.
Features and characteristics
According to the terms of ripening of the harvest and consumption of fruits, all varieties of pears are divided into three main groups:
- summer;
- Autumn
- winter.
The choice of variety should depend not only on the taste preferences of the gardener. It should be taken into account what soil and climatic conditions prevail in the region of cultivation of fruit stands.
Winter pear varieties are characterized by stable productivity and increased resistance to frost. In order to obtain abundant and high-quality crops for planting winter varieties, it is necessary to use more fertile, loose and well-moistened soils. Peaty or clay soils are categorically not suitable for growing late pear varieties. Besides, the depth of the groundwater should exceed 50 cm, otherwise the autumn rains will undermine the root system of the fruit stands.
To obtain a full crop, at least four warm months with an average daily temperature of at least 16-18 degrees of heat are required. Of great importance for the full growth and development of winter pear fruits is the observance of optimal humidity and temperature conditions.
All winter pear varieties are usually classified as late, which implies the ripening of fruits around October. The stage of full maturity of pears occurs directly on the tree, so harvesting in advance is not recommended. Premature harvesting of late varieties often causes a significant decrease in the palatability of the fruit.
The special advantages of winter varieties include the possibility of using the harvest for a very long time. Pears of some varieties perfectly retain their taste and marketability until spring, provided that an optimal microclimate is created in the fruit store and the crop is properly stored.
Pears: late varieties
Name and description of the best varieties
Russian gardeners are very positive about late pear varieties, and many varieties are widely used in our country. Special attention of summer residents is attracted by such varieties as "Winter Glazkova", "Dekanka", "Golden", "Red-faced", as well as several varieties of Bere.
New and very promising varieties of winter pears regularly appear on the market of planting material, which are able to guarantee high productivity of fruit plantations and excellent quality of the harvested crop. The names and characteristics of the most popular varieties are known to most gardeners, and the varieties indicated in the table below can be classified as best.
| Title | Fruit | Pulp | Advantages and disadvantages | Storage |
| "Saratovka" | Medium, 180 g, yellow with a blush | Oily, white, without astringency | Winter hardy. Great taste | Until February |
| Kondratyevka | Pear-shaped, yellow with a noticeable orange color in the area of the stalk, weighing up to 210 g | No rockiness, very juicy and oily | Increased yields, winter hardiness and annual stable fruiting | Until January |
| "Pass Crassan" | Round or bergamotoid, golden yellow, with a slight blush and small dots | White-yellow, with rich juiciness and sweetness, there is a slight sourness and gentle astringency | Insufficient winter hardiness, high demands on heat and soil composition | Long |
| "May Day" | Pretty large, mostly green, which changes to greenish yellow during storage
| Creamy, aromatic, with a pleasant tart taste | High winter hardiness and resistance to many fungal infections | Up to 250 days |
| "Rossoshanskaya Late" | Large, up to 370 g, greenish staining. At the stage of full ripening, the color is yellow | Creamy, has a pleasant and juicy taste | High marketability, increased winter hardiness. May be affected by fungal infection | Three to four months |
| "Belarusian late" | Medium, green, which changes during storage to orange-yellow | White, tastes sweet with a slight acidity | Fertility and high winter hardiness. Fruiting frequency observed | Until February-March |
| Lira | Green, weighing no more than 210 g | White, sweet | Early maturity and regular bearing. Low frost resistance | Till December |
| "Patriotic" | More than medium or very large, pear-shaped, greenish yellow | Cream color, very juicy, has a very good sour-sweet taste | Winter hardiness, early maturity and excellent fruit qualities | Long |
| "Josephine Mechelskaya" | Small in size, light yellow with a slight blush | Melting, juicy yellowish. The taste is very delicate, with unexpressed sourness. | High level of resistance to scab and excellent winter hardiness. Not too high yields | Insufficiently long shelf life |
Harvest Dates and Rules
Regarding the timing and rules of harvesting, the approach of the gardener should be focused primarily on varietal characteristics, as well as especially weather and soil conditions in the cultivation region. Winter varieties are recommended to be removed in the last ten days of September or in the first days of October. Fruits at the time of harvest are characterized by absolute hardness. The stage of consumer ripeness occurs a few weeks after picking.
As a rule, such varieties are characterized by sufficient transportability of the crop over long distances. In hot and dry weather, pear ripening accelerates. In rainy and cold weather, fruit ripening may be delayed for about a couple of weeks.
Pears must be collected very carefully, as a strong pressure provokes darkening of the pulp and damage to the fruit. You can not break off the pillows or pull out the stalks on the fruits. Harvesting must begin at the bottom of the crown. Only dry fruits without damage and deformation are subject to the storage tab.
We also suggest that you familiarize yourself with the features of growing the Tenderness pear.
Winter fruit storage
It is easy enough to keep the harvested crop in winter. As a rule, the fruits are placed in cellars and cellars. The optimal storage mode is a temperature of no higher than + 1-2 ° C with a relative humidity of 90-95%. The quickest cooling of fruits after harvesting is a very important condition for long-term storage of fruits.
Pears from such popular winter varieties as "Bergamot Esperin" and "Dekanka winter" at storage temperature in the range from -1 to 0 ° С they ripen rather slowly and until the end of the storage period they maintain a solid consistency of pulp and green coloring of the skin.
What kind of pear to choose
The variety of winter varieties allows gardeners to choose the most suitable, taking into account personal preferences and cultivation conditions. Compliance with the conditions of collection and storage of fruits allows you to enjoy fruit until mid-winter.
